#accounting
Accounting
Master accounting fundamentals and best practices for plain-text bookkeeping
Business Vehicle Deductions in 2026: Standard Mileage vs. Actual Cost, Section 179 SUV Limits, and the Mileage Log the IRS Actually Wants
Mileage bundles costs at 70 cents per mile but year-one actual unlocks Section 179 for heavy SUVs — pick the method before you place the vehicle in service and keep the daily log that makes either deduction survive.
The 150-Hour Rule Is Cracking: What New State CPA Pathways Mean for Small Businesses
Roughly 42 U.S. states have passed or are advancing laws replacing the CPA 150-hour education rule with 120 hours plus experience — Ohio, Virginia, Georgia, Utah, and Iowa lead in 2026. Here's how the accountant shortage, new licensure pathways, and fractured license mobility affect who small businesses can hire.
Bill-and-Hold Arrangements Under ASC 606: When You Can (and Can't) Recognize Revenue on Goods a Customer Hasn't Picked Up Yet
ASC 606 permits revenue recognition on bill-and-hold arrangements only when four criteria are all met — a substantive reason for the delay, goods segregated for the customer, readiness for immediate transfer, and no seller right to redirect them. This guide walks through each test, a worked allocation example splitting goods revenue from a separate storage obligation, legitimate use cases, and the seller-initiated-delay red flag that draws SEC scrutiny.
Inventory Shrinkage in 2026: How to Measure, Book, and Reduce the 1.5% Leak That Silently Kills Retail and E-Commerce Gross Margin
Average shrink is 1.4–1.6% of sales — booked as extra COGS only after a count. Stratify cycle counts by ABC, reconcile 3PL before booking, and show the reserve honestly every month.
Estimated Tax Penalties in 2026: Safe Harbors, Annualized Income Installments, and How to Avoid Underpayment Interest on Form 2210
Underpayment interest is daily and quarterly — hit the 100%/110% or 90% harbor and pay the right amount by April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15, or use Schedule AI for seasonal income before Form 2210 bills you.
Bad Debt and Uncollectible Receivables: When to Write Off, How to Prove Worthlessness Under Section 166, and Why Cash-Basis Businesses Can't Deduct Unpaid Invoices
An unpaid invoice isn't automatically a deduction for cash-basis businesses and worthlessness must be proven in the year claimed — document business character, collection efforts, and the specific charge-off before December 31.
FASB ASU 2025-07: The New 'Own Operations' Derivative Scope Exception for ESG-Linked Debt, Earnouts, and Customer Warrants
FASB's ASU 2025-07 adds an ASC 815 scope exception for non-exchange-traded contracts whose payoff depends on a party's own operations — ESG-linked interest rate step-downs, M&A earnouts, regulatory and product milestones, change-of-control triggers — and routes warrants received from customers through Topic 606 instead of derivative accounting. Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted.
FASB ASU 2025-08 Explained: Gross-Up Accounting for Purchased Seasoned Loans
FASB's ASU 2025-08 extends the CECL gross-up approach to purchased seasoned loans, eliminating the Day 1 provision expense on healthy acquired loan portfolios. Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted — here's who qualifies, how the mechanics work, and how to prepare before your next acquisition.
FASB Just Made It Easier to Hedge Variable-Rate Debt — Here's What Changed
FASB's ASU 2025-09, issued November 2025, makes five targeted fixes to hedge accounting: a 'similar risk' standard for grouped cash flow hedges, a 'choose-your-rate' framework for variable-rate debt, broader nonfinancial asset hedge eligibility, simpler net written option rules, and dual hedge mismatch relief. Public companies must comply for periods beginning after December 15, 2026; private companies get until after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted.
FASB ASU 2025-10 Explained: The First U.S. GAAP Standard for Government Grants
FASB's ASU 2025-10, issued December 4, 2025, creates the first standalone U.S. GAAP guidance for government grants received by business entities. It requires recognition only when compliance and receipt are both probable, offers deferred-income or cost-accumulation presentation for asset-related grants, mandates annual disclosures, and takes effect for private companies in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2029.
Funeral Home and Cemetery Bookkeeping: How Pre-Need Trusts and Revenue Recognition Actually Work
Pre-need funeral contracts can span 40 years between payment and service, so GAAP defers the revenue as a liability until delivery — while cemetery plot sales are recognized immediately as real-estate-like transactions. A guide to state trusting percentages, perpetual care funds, and the bookkeeping separations that keep deathcare businesses compliant.
Your Convertible Note Just Converted. Is That a Gain, a Loss, or Neither?
FASB's ASU 2024-04, mandatory for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, defines a three-part test for whether settling a sweetened convertible-note conversion counts as an induced conversion (expense only the sweetener) or a debt extinguishment (gain or loss against carrying value) — a classification that can swing reported expense by hundreds of thousands of dollars on the same transaction.