#bookkeeping
Bookkeeping
Modern bookkeeping techniques using plain-text and automated workflows
Circular E in Plain English: What Publication 15 Tells Small Employers About Withholding, Deposits, and Forms 941 and W-2
IRS Publication 15 (Circular E) sets the rules small employers must follow on every paycheck — federal income tax withholding via the wage-bracket or percentage method, 6.2% Social Security to the annual wage base, 1.45% Medicare plus 0.9% above $200,000, EFTPS deposits on a monthly or semiweekly schedule set by the $50,000 lookback test, and Forms 941, 940, W-2 and W-3. This guide translates each rule into what to do, when it is due, and which ledger account to book it in — including the failure-to-deposit penalty ladder of 2%, 5%, 10% and 15%.
Missed the July 4 Clean Energy Tax Credit Deadline? What Small Businesses Can Still Do After the Section 48E Window Closed
Wind and solar had to begin construction by July 4, 2026 — but a facility placed in service by December 31, 2027 still qualifies for 45Y/48E, a vacated IRS notice restored the 5% safe harbor, and storage, geothermal, and fuel cells remain eligible through 2033.
Section 45W Has Expired: What the Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit's Sunset Means for Small Fleets
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act ended the Section 45W Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit — the lesser of 15% of basis (30% for pure EVs) or incremental cost, capped at $7,500 under 14,000 lbs GVWR and $40,000 at or above — for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025, along with the 30D and 25E credits. Only the Section 30C refueling-property credit survives, for property placed in service through June 30, 2026. Covers the acquisition-date and written-binding-contract tests that decide whether a vehicle you ordered still qualifies, how a fleet EV pencils out on total cost of ownership without federal money, and the Section 179, bonus depreciation, and per-VIN asset records that replace it.
Does DAC7 Apply to US Sellers? What Etsy, eBay, and Amazon Report to the EU Every January 31
DAC7 (Council Directive 2021/514) makes marketplaces report seller data to EU tax authorities by January 31 each year. For goods, you stay exempt only if you are under both 30 transactions and €2,000 on that platform for the calendar year — miss either prong and you are reportable, and ignoring the verification request lets the platform withhold payouts after two reminders and 60 days.
The Fed Is on Hold: What the June 2026 Dot Plot Means for Your Next Business Loan
The June 2026 dot plot moved the median end-of-year Fed funds projection from 3.4% to 3.8%, erasing the cut many borrowers were waiting for. Here is how prime at 6.75% flows into SBA 7(a), term loan, and line-of-credit pricing, when to lock fixed versus float variable, and the debt-schedule bookkeeping that gets you quoted 0.5%-1.0% lower.
The Free-Product Trap: What the FTC's Influencer Disclosure Crackdown Means for Small Businesses in 2026
Sending a creator a free product is a material connection under 16 CFR Part 255 even when you require nothing in return, and civil penalties now reach $53,088 per non-compliant post. This guide covers what triggers disclosure, why
How Long Should You Keep Business Records? The IRS 3-4-6-7 Year Rules
The IRS has no single seven-year rule. Income tax records run 3 years, employment tax records 4, substantial income omissions 6, bad-debt and worthless-security losses 7, and unfiled or fraudulent returns never expire — while property records run until the limitations period closes on the year you sell. This guide maps each clock to the documents it governs and gives a retention schedule small business owners can follow.
Iowa Now Offers One-Hour Business Filings: Your Guide to SF 629's New Expedited Tiers
Iowa's Senate File 629 took effect July 1, 2026, adding one-hour ($200) and same-day ($125) expedited tiers alongside the existing two-day ($50) and five-day ($15) surcharges for Secretary of State business filings. This guide covers which documents qualify, which are still excluded, how to pick the tier that matches your deadline, and how to book the surcharge as a Section 195 start-up cost at formation or a compliance expense afterward.
When Your EIN Gets Stolen: A Small Business Guide to IRS Letters 5263C, 6042C, and Business Identity Theft
IRS Letter 6042C verifies a specific business return; Letter 5263C verifies the entity itself on file from Form SS-4, and both carry a 30-day response window that, if missed, stalls your returns, refunds, and overpayment applications. This guide explains how thieves obtain an EIN, the tax and non-tax red flags that signal fraud, exactly what to fax back in each case, when Form 8822-B is required within 60 days of a responsible-party change, and a monthly-quarterly-annual monitoring routine that catches misuse early.
Minimum Wage Rose in 20+ Jurisdictions on July 1, 2026: A Multi-State Payroll Update Checklist
More than 20 state and local jurisdictions raised their minimum wage on July 1, 2026 — Alaska to $14.00, Oregon and D.C. on their annual schedules, plus 17 city and county increases across California, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota and Oregon — lifting pay for over 360,000 workers by roughly $221 million a year. A seven-step checklist for employers who owe the highest rate where work is performed, including how to split a straddling pay period by work date rather than pay date.
New Jersey's $5,000 to $1.5 Million Data Broker Law: What Selling Customer Data Now Costs Small Businesses
New Jersey's A5328 (signed June 30 2026) charges $5,000 to $1.5 million a year to register as a data broker, and extends that regime to first-party 'data collectors' that sell data gathered from their own customers. Selling sensitive data is banned outright with no consent exception at $50,000 per record, effective immediately, while registration and fees are expected to be enforced from June 2027 under a $2,500-per-day penalty.
Personal Training Studio Bookkeeping: Why That 12-Session Package Isn't Revenue Yet
An $840 twelve-session package is a liability, not income — you recognize $70 each time you deliver. This guide covers the deferred revenue journal entries, breakage and refund handling, the IRS control test that decides whether a trainer is W-2 or 1099-NEC, and the pricing math that shows a $70 package session leaving $40 after a $30 fixed-cost floor.