#bookkeeping
Bookkeeping
Modern bookkeeping techniques using plain-text and automated workflows
Bank Reconciliation Done Right: The Monthly Process That Catches Errors and Fraud Early
A monthly bank reconciliation done in 30 to 90 minutes is the cheapest fraud control a small business has. This guide walks through the two-column worksheet, how to handle outstanding checks and deposits in transit, the recurring items that trip people up, and the internal controls that turn the exercise into real protection.
Break-Even Analysis and Contribution Margin: The Formula Every Small Business Should Run Monthly
A working guide to break-even analysis covering the contribution margin formula, multi-product weighted approach, margin of safety thresholds, and four pricing scenarios — with a candle-maker example showing why a 10% price cut can erase 25% of unit profit.
How to Design a Chart of Accounts That Tells You Something
A bloated chart of accounts with 200 entries hides profit instead of revealing it. Most small businesses need 30 to 60 accounts, numbered in family blocks with gaps, with COGS separated from operating expenses and departments tracked as dimensions rather than duplicated accounts.
Designing a Chart of Accounts That Actually Tells You Something
A practical guide to designing a chart of accounts that produces useful financial statements — how to number accounts in increments of 10, when to use sub-accounts versus dimensions for locations and departments, and the year-end cleanup ritual that prevents bloat.
Constructive Receipt and the December 31 Check: Why 'I Didn't Cash It' Won't Save You at Tax Time
A practical guide to the constructive receipt doctrine under Treasury Reg. 1.451-2 — what counts as income in the year you got the check, what doesn't, and which year-end deferral moves actually survive an audit.
De Minimis Safe Harbor: How Small Businesses Expense Equipment Up to $2,500 Without Depreciation
A small business with a written capitalization policy dated before the tax year begins and an annual election attached to its return can deduct tangible property up to $2,500 per item or invoice ($5,000 with an applicable financial statement) under Treas. Reg. §1.263(a)-1(f), skipping depreciation schedules entirely.
From Three Weeks to Five Days: A Faster Month-End Close With Cut-Off Discipline and Smarter Reconciliations
A day-by-day close calendar that compresses a typical three-week month-end into five business days. Pre-stage recurring entries, reconcile cash on day one, tie sub-ledgers on day two, post accruals and prepaids on day three, run flux analysis on day four, and lock the period on day five.
How to Close the Books in Five Days: Checklists, Cut-Off Discipline, and Reconciliation Order
A three-week close compresses into five business days through three habits—a written close checklist sequenced by dependency, firm cut-off procedures with accruals for late items, and reconciliation done high-risk-first in a consistent order.
Form 8275: How a One-Page Disclosure Defeats the Section 6662 and 6694 Penalties
Form 8275 is a one-page disclosure statement that, when attached to a tax return, can neutralize the 20% Section 6662 accuracy-related penalty and the Section 6694 preparer penalty for gray-area positions that have a reasonable basis.
Form 8275 Disclosure Statement: Defeating the 20% Section 6662 Accuracy-Related Penalty
Form 8275 lets taxpayers disclose debatable tax positions with the IRS to defeat the 20% Section 6662 accuracy-related penalty when a position has at least a reasonable basis. Covers when to use Form 8275 versus Form 8275-R, what counts as adequate disclosure, timing rules, and Section 6694 preparer-penalty protection.
Form 8850 and the 28-Day Pre-Screening Window: How Employers Lock In Up to $9,600 Per Qualifying Hire
Form 8850 must be signed on or before the job offer date and submitted to the state workforce agency within 28 calendar days of the employee's start date — miss either deadline and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, worth up to $9,600 per qualifying hire across ten targeted groups, is permanently forfeited.
Functional Expense Allocation for Nonprofits: Form 990 Part IX, ASU 2016-14, and How to Defend Your Program Ratio
A practical guide to splitting nonprofit costs across program, management, and fundraising — covering ASU 2016-14 requirements, Form 990 Part IX, time studies, square-footage methods, the three-test joint cost rule, and the written cost allocation plan auditors expect to see.